Where it grows: Ponokaki grow on open slopes, prairie grasslands, and open forests and bloom in late June and early July.

How to identify: The whole plant is covered in fine hairs that give it a silvery grey appearance, and the leaves have a characteristic arrow shape. The root is surrounded by a thick rind that smells like cough medicine.

Blackfoot: Ponokaki

Food Uses:

• The large starchy roots were crushed, fibres removed, and the remainder was used as food, often in salads and stews. Flour made from ground roots was used to make biscuits.
• The huge leaves of Ponokaki were used in cooking camas.

Medicinal Uses:

• Root smoke smudge was inhaled to relieve aches and pains.
• Roots were mashed and applied to blisters and wounds, speeding up the healing process.
• Root extract was used to treat stomach issues.

Spiritual Uses:

• The roots were burned and used as incense in ceremonies, bundled together to bring luck when heading into battle.
• The roots are used in the Sun Dance Lodge and are known as a “holy turnip” or artichoke.
• Leaves were used to wrap sacred canas bulbs, before cooking, symbolizing the cleansing of the body.